20 years after the L.A. Riots: Where are we now?

On April 29, 1992, the acquittal of four white Los Angeles police officers involved in the beating of Rodney King, an African-American man, triggered riots in Los Angeles that resulted in more than 50 dead, thousands injured and some $1 billion in property damage.

[additional-authors]

Susan Freudenheim

April 19, 2012

To mark the 20th anniversary of the Los Angeles Riots, The Jewish Journal invited to our offices nine prominent L.A.-based civil rights activists. We asked them to reflect as a group on two questions: Are we better off than we were 20 years ago? Could what happened in 1992 happen again here?

The result was an often-heated 90-minute conversation that vividly demonstrated the passions that the riots and the issues they raised still evoke in this city.

” title=”Click here” target=”_blank”>Click here</a></b> for more information on the panelists.</i></p> <p> </p> <p><center><b>[RELATED: <a href="http://www.jewishjournal.com/calendar_stories/article/los_angeles_riots_commemoration_events_20120419/ <view-source:http://www.jewishjournal.com/calendar_stories/article/los_angeles_riots_commemoration_events_20120419/>” title=”Los Angeles riots commemoration events” target=”_blank”>Los Angeles riots commemoration events</a>]</b></center></p> <p><b><big>The edited transcript:</big></b></p> <p><b>Susan Freudenheim:</b> When we talked about how to cover the 20th anniversary of the Los Angeles Riots, our writers discussed the fact that there are two grocery stores near the Jewish neighborhood of Pico-Robertson: One is patronized by Jews, the other, just a few blocks away, by African-Americans, and the two do not mix. This one small illustration made us wonder whether we’ve made progress in race relations over the past two decades or not.</p> <p><b>Raphael J. Sonenshein:</b> While so much has changed in L.A., there is still a white-black gulf in the perception of what happens on the streets, and that seems not to have changed very much in L.A. What has changed here has to do with the other groups — the rise of Latinos and Asian-Americans in the discussion, which makes L.A. a completely different city than it was 20 years ago. </p> <p><b>Connie Rice:</b> On the individual level, there’s enormous progress. The younger generation today is, amazingly, actually integrated. They behave in a way that transcends race in a lot of ways; they’re much better on homophobia. The younger generation is really going beyond race. You see a lot of interracial families, and the rate of interracial marriage [is] going up. So, at the individual level you see a lot of progress. And you see a lot of progress politically; you couldn’t have had Barack Obama as president, if you didn’t see that. </p> <p>But when we get to that unconscious racial dynamic and the unspoken suspicions that we have of each other at that tribal level, there’s no one that can convince me that that stuff can’t be triggered. </p> <p><b>David A. Lehrer:</b> Connie, as I’ve heard you say on innumerable occasions, the LAPD [Los Angeles Police Department] has transformed itself. It’s not an occupying force anymore. </p> <p>And, talk about young people, the millennials are 95 million Americans now, and millennials, in terms of their acceptance of differences, in terms of their tolerance of different races and religions, are simply off the charts. That’s 95 million Americans out of 350 million. And they’re the future, not the past. </p> <p><b>Hyepin Im:</b> In planning for the 20th anniversary of the L.A. Riots, we [in the Korean community] have talked to a lot of key leaders in the community, and the topic of liquor stores is one area that is explosive. There is definitely a very wide and different understanding from the Korean community’s narrative to the African-American community’s narrative. I remember having a conversation with a key African-American leader, and I mentioned the fact that of the billion dollars in property damage in L.A. alone from the riots, Korean-Americans incurred almost 50 percent of it. And so, I was taking the perspective that Korean-Americans were also victims, and this leader said never in his wildest dreams did he ever think of Koreans as victims. </p> <p><b>Abby J. Leibman:</b>  My view of what happened here 20 years ago was that it was really the reaction to the beating of Rodney King that precipitated the violence here.</p> <p><b>Lehrer:</b> It was the reaction to the verdict.</p> <p><b>Michele Siqueiros:</b> To the sense of injustice. </p> <p><b>Leibman:</b> You had a police force that reacted one way; you had a justice system — courts — that reacted in a certain way, where you had a jury that did things that precipitated a result that was very violent. …</p> <p>We don’t actually have those structures, the official structures, in the same way they did here 20 years ago.  But as a lawyer, I am not convinced that our justice system would react in a different way if something were to happen today that was similar to what happened 20 years ago. I’m not sure that juries would respond differently. I think that we’ve seen other very high-profile cases in which issues about race become front and center, for better or for worse, and whether the decisions are right or wrong, the issue of race is still very present among juries and in courtrooms.</p> <p><b>Freudenheim:</b> Isn’t the question how much we view one another as the other, as opposed to seeing ourselves as a cohesive group? </p> <p><b>Joe R. Hicks:</b> Obviously, demographics have changed. This doesn’t mean all the racial tensions have gone away between various groups, I’m just spinning this forward, going from 1992, and I’m remembering on Crenshaw seeing black picketers in front of a Korean liquor store with a sign, “Koreans are dogs.” This was in 1992. So if you look at where things have come, for a whole host of reasons, it’s hard to cast it as somehow standing still … or not being better. </p> <p><b>Rob Eshman:</b> Connie referred to progress politically, socially and racially. How much did economic disparities play into the riots themselves, and what’s changed since then?</p> <p><b>Im:</b> With this whole economic and foreclosure crisis, the Pew Research Center has shown that communities of color have been the most impacted. The Latino community, their wealth loss was by 66 percent, Asians by 54 percent, and African-American by 53 percent. The economic challenges are very present, and many of these store owners who are in those South L.A. communities, they have no other option. Particularly the Korean community; we have the second-highest language barrier, so even though we have the third-highest level of education, you don’t have places to go. With the Korean community, whoever comes and picks you up at the airport, whatever job or business they’re in, you end up going there. It’s not like with the Jewish community, with refugee assistance, etc. They’re not connected to any of those resources. So they’re ending up in these businesses with very little resources, very little training, very few connections.</p> <p><b>Lehrer:</b> What’s that a function of?  That they are recent immigrants, right? It’s not a function of racism, it’s a function of being a recent immigrant, and you don’t speak the language. So I don’t see why it’s relevant to our discussion. </p> <p><b>Rice:</b> Well, it’s all relevant to the discussion, because race can’t really be separated from a lot of the other fault lines, and context is everything. There’s context in which race doesn’t play a role at all, and there are contexts in which race combines with class, and language barrier and even gang membership, or, you know, which sorority you belong to. In L.A., it’s never one dynamic or the other; it’s always a combination. What I see is an extraordinarily complex diversity on the surface, a sort of surface coexistence. Even in the communities where you have a mixture — there are very few communities you can say are integrated, where there’s a fluid dynamic of back-and-forth. You can find it in some of the little pockets of, say, Altadena, some of the yuppie neighborhoods. </p> <p><b>Lehrer:</b> But that’s not true, Connie, that’s not true.</p> <p><b>Rice:</b> Just look at the testimony before the Citizens Redistricting Commission. You had some communities of interest come forward that were multiracial. Some of them were even income-mixed, and that’s the real fault line — underclass versus invisible L.A., meaning immigrant and underground L.A., and then underclass versus lower, working classes. It was very, very interesting to see the San Gabriel communities, a mixture of Latino and Asian-Americans, coming together and actually testifying that they were a community of interest, and that they wanted to be drawn together. But there were other parts of the region where the tribes were not integrated, and they really did want influence on districts, or they wanted their separate group recognized, because their groups exist separately, they coexist, but it is their disparateness that defines them, not a fluidity and not an integrated dynamic. </p> <p><b>Lehrer:</b> But do you know that Los Angeles is the least racially segregated large city in America?</p> <p><b>Sonenshein:</b> I think we’re missing the biggest change, and one mistake we can make is to say that today grew directly out of 20 years ago. Instead of having two groups — black and white — now you have four to six groups. L.A. has gone from being a black and white city with racial politics to a city that now has real ethnic politics for the first time in its history. Non-whites are now not just a demographic majority of the city, but also a political majority of the city. Consider that in 1993, Latinos cast 8 percent of all the votes in the mayor’s race. In 2005, Latinos cast 25 percent. Whites were 72 percent of the voters in 1993, less than 50 percent in the last few elections. </p> <p>The transactions among groups of color is actually a huge story of L.A. politics right now, and were going to miss it if we keep thinking that all we’re doing is an elaboration of where we were 20 years ago, when Latinos were not a political force. </p> <p><b>Hicks:</b> I think you’re exactly right. But I want to return to this whole thing about segregation, because I think that’s the myth a lot of folks operate on. A very recent and quite sophisticated study was done by two professors — one at Duke University, the other at Harvard — that said racial segregation in this country is down from levels it hasn’t seen in a long time. And L.A., in particular, they pointed to as being what they called the least racially isolated city in America. </p> <p>I live in the Hollywood Hills, and there’s everybody in the area that I live in. We’ve become far more integrated over the last 20 years, and I think we have to really reconfigure some very old ways of thinking about this city, that it’s changed dramatically over the last 20 years. </p> <p><b>Samuel M. Chu:</b> But just because they live close to each other, that doesn’t actually translate to connecting and knowing each other. I live downtown, and I worked in Koreatown in a Latino-dominant church for many years. Having grown up in Hong Kong, where I’m used to interaction, I walk around and actually talk to people, and know people who I buy things from and ride the subway with. That doesn’t happen here in Los Angeles, where people lack the imagination of just physically being in a space, being in a neighborhood, and being in conversation with each other. … I think that that’s part of the L.A. dynamic, that just because I know one Korean, that’s not enough, and just because I know one African-American person — that’s not enough. But it’s hard to create that kind of breadth.</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1784890e elementor-share-buttons--view-icon printhide elementor-share-buttons--skin-gradient elementor-share-buttons--shape-square elementor-grid-0 elementor-share-buttons--color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons" data-id="1784890e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="share-buttons.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-grid"> <div class="elementor-grid-item"> <div class="elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Share on facebook" > <span class="elementor-share-btn__icon"> <i class="fab fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i> </span> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-grid-item"> <div class="elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_twitter" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Share on twitter" > <span class="elementor-share-btn__icon"> <i class="fab fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i> </span> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-grid-item"> <div class="elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_whatsapp" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Share on whatsapp" > <span class="elementor-share-btn__icon"> <i class="fab fa-whatsapp" aria-hidden="true"></i> </span> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-grid-item"> <div class="elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_print" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Share on print" > <span class="elementor-share-btn__icon"> <i class="fas fa-print" aria-hidden="true"></i> </span> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-grid-item"> <div class="elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_email" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Share on email" > <span class="elementor-share-btn__icon"> <i class="fas fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-128c5a1c printhide elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="128c5a1c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h6 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Did you enjoy this article?</h6> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7bb8270d printhide elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="7bb8270d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h6 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">You'll love our roundtable.</h6> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-dfa34e3 printhide bdt-gravity-form-button-custom elementor-widget elementor-widget-bdt-gravity-form" data-id="dfa34e3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="bdt-gravity-form.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="bdt-gravity-forms"> <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gform_legacy_markup_wrapper gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='legacy' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_9' ><style>#gform_wrapper_9[data-form-index="0"].gform-theme,[data-parent-form="9_0"]{--gf-color-primary: #204ce5;--gf-color-primary-rgb: 32, 76, 229;--gf-color-primary-contrast: #fff;--gf-color-primary-contrast-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-primary-darker: #001AB3;--gf-color-primary-lighter: #527EFF;--gf-color-secondary: #fff;--gf-color-secondary-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-secondary-contrast: #112337;--gf-color-secondary-contrast-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-secondary-darker: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-secondary-lighter: #FFFFFF;--gf-color-out-ctrl-light: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.1);--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-darker: rgba(104, 110, 119, 0.35);--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-lighter: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-out-ctrl-dark: #585e6a;--gf-color-out-ctrl-dark-rgb: 88, 94, 106;--gf-color-out-ctrl-dark-darker: #112337;--gf-color-out-ctrl-dark-lighter: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65);--gf-color-in-ctrl: #fff;--gf-color-in-ctrl-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-in-ctrl-contrast: #112337;--gf-color-in-ctrl-contrast-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-in-ctrl-darker: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-in-ctrl-lighter: #FFFFFF;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary: #204ce5;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary-rgb: 32, 76, 229;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary-contrast: #fff;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary-contrast-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary-darker: #001AB3;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary-lighter: #527EFF;--gf-color-in-ctrl-light: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.1);--gf-color-in-ctrl-light-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-in-ctrl-light-darker: rgba(104, 110, 119, 0.35);--gf-color-in-ctrl-light-lighter: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-in-ctrl-dark: #585e6a;--gf-color-in-ctrl-dark-rgb: 88, 94, 106;--gf-color-in-ctrl-dark-darker: #112337;--gf-color-in-ctrl-dark-lighter: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65);--gf-radius: 3px;--gf-font-size-secondary: 14px;--gf-font-size-tertiary: 13px;--gf-icon-ctrl-number: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='8' height='14' viewBox='0 0 8 14' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath fill-rule='evenodd' clip-rule='evenodd' d='M4 0C4.26522 5.96046e-08 4.51957 0.105357 4.70711 0.292893L7.70711 3.29289C8.09763 3.68342 8.09763 4.31658 7.70711 4.70711C7.31658 5.09763 6.68342 5.09763 6.29289 4.70711L4 2.41421L1.70711 4.70711C1.31658 5.09763 0.683417 5.09763 0.292893 4.70711C-0.0976311 4.31658 -0.097631 3.68342 0.292893 3.29289L3.29289 0.292893C3.48043 0.105357 3.73478 0 4 0ZM0.292893 9.29289C0.683417 8.90237 1.31658 8.90237 1.70711 9.29289L4 11.5858L6.29289 9.29289C6.68342 8.90237 7.31658 8.90237 7.70711 9.29289C8.09763 9.68342 8.09763 10.3166 7.70711 10.7071L4.70711 13.7071C4.31658 14.0976 3.68342 14.0976 3.29289 13.7071L0.292893 10.7071C-0.0976311 10.3166 -0.0976311 9.68342 0.292893 9.29289Z' fill='rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");--gf-icon-ctrl-select: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='10' height='6' viewBox='0 0 10 6' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath fill-rule='evenodd' clip-rule='evenodd' d='M0.292893 0.292893C0.683417 -0.097631 1.31658 -0.097631 1.70711 0.292893L5 3.58579L8.29289 0.292893C8.68342 -0.0976311 9.31658 -0.0976311 9.70711 0.292893C10.0976 0.683417 10.0976 1.31658 9.70711 1.70711L5.70711 5.70711C5.31658 6.09763 4.68342 6.09763 4.29289 5.70711L0.292893 1.70711C-0.0976311 1.31658 -0.0976311 0.683418 0.292893 0.292893Z' fill='rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");--gf-icon-ctrl-search: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg version='1.1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='640' height='640'%3E%3Cpath d='M256 128c-70.692 0-128 57.308-128 128 0 70.691 57.308 128 128 128 70.691 0 128-57.309 128-128 0-70.692-57.309-128-128-128zM64 256c0-106.039 85.961-192 192-192s192 85.961 192 192c0 41.466-13.146 79.863-35.498 111.248l154.125 154.125c12.496 12.496 12.496 32.758 0 45.254s-32.758 12.496-45.254 0L367.248 412.502C335.862 434.854 297.467 448 256 448c-106.039 0-192-85.962-192-192z' fill='rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");--gf-label-space-y-secondary: var(--gf-label-space-y-md-secondary);--gf-ctrl-border-color: #686e77;--gf-ctrl-size: var(--gf-ctrl-size-md);--gf-ctrl-label-color-primary: #112337;--gf-ctrl-label-color-secondary: #112337;--gf-ctrl-choice-size: var(--gf-ctrl-choice-size-md);--gf-ctrl-checkbox-check-size: var(--gf-ctrl-checkbox-check-size-md);--gf-ctrl-radio-check-size: var(--gf-ctrl-radio-check-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-font-size: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-font-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-padding-x: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-padding-x-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-size: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-border-color-secondary: #686e77;--gf-ctrl-file-btn-bg-color-hover: #EBEBEB;--gf-field-pg-steps-number-color: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.8);}</style><form method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data' id='gform_9' action='/cover_story/103268/' data-formid='9' novalidate> <div class='gform-body gform_body'><ul id='gform_fields_9' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below'><li id="field_9_2" class="gfield gfield--type-email gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below hidden_label gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_9_2" ><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><label class="gfield_label gform-field-label" for="input_9_2">Email<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class="ginput_container ginput_container_email"> <input name="input_2" id="input_9_2" type="email" value="" placeholder="Enter Your Email" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" class="required large"> </div></body></html> </li></ul></div> <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_9' class='gform_button button' value='Sign Up' onclick='if(window["gf_submitting_9"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_9")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_9")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_9"]=true;} ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window["gf_submitting_9"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_9")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_9")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_9"]=true;} jQuery("#gform_9").trigger("submit",[true]); }' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_9' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='9' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_9' value='WyJbXSIsIjMwM2RiODllMDRlNDBjMGQzMGY2NGQwYzNmNDUwNjMzIl0=' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_9' id='gform_target_page_number_9' value='0' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_9' id='gform_source_page_number_9' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' /> </div> </form> </div><script> gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 9, 'https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_9').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_9');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_9').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { /* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome */ }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_9').val();gformInitSpinner( 9, 'https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [9, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_9'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}setTimeout(function(){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [9]);window['gf_submitting_9'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_9').text());}, 50);}else{jQuery('#gform_9').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger("gform_pre_post_render", [{ formId: "9", currentPage: "current_page", abort: function() { this.preventDefault(); } }]); if (event.defaultPrevented) { return; } const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_wrapper_9" ); if ( gformWrapperDiv ) { const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( "span" ); visibilitySpan.id = "gform_visibility_test_9"; gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( "afterend", visibilitySpan ); } const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_visibility_test_9" ); let postRenderFired = false; function triggerPostRender() { if ( postRenderFired ) { return; } postRenderFired = true; jQuery( document ).trigger( 'gform_post_render', [9, current_page] ); gform.utils.trigger( { event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 9, currentPage: current_page } } ); if ( visibilityTestDiv ) { visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv ); } } function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) { var timeout; return function() { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function() { timeout = null; if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args ); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout( timeout ); timeout = setTimeout( later, wait ); if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args ); }; } const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() { triggerPostRender(); }, 200 ); if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) { const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => { mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => { if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) { debouncedTriggerPostRender(); observer.disconnect(); } }); }); observer.observe( document.body, { attributes: true, childList: false, subtree: true, attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ], }); } else { triggerPostRender(); } } );} ); </script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4ebf881e printhide elementor-post-navigation-borders-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-navigation" data-id="4ebf881e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="post-navigation.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-post-navigation"> <div class="elementor-post-navigation__prev elementor-post-navigation__link"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/arts/103209/" rel="prev"><span class="elementor-post-navigation__link__prev"><span class="post-navigation__prev--label">Previous article</span><span class="post-navigation__prev--title">With Tony Curtis profile, docs shine at Jewish fest</span></span></a> </div> <div class="elementor-post-navigation__separator-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-post-navigation__separator"></div> </div> <div class="elementor-post-navigation__next elementor-post-navigation__link"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/mobile_20111212/103325/" rel="next"><span class="elementor-post-navigation__link__next"><span class="post-navigation__next--label">Next article</span><span class="post-navigation__next--title">Jewish Cemetery Rescued in Slovakia</span></span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-45cfb7be jjpostrightsidebar, printhide" data-id="45cfb7be" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0bfae0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-advads_ad_widget" data-id="0bfae0e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="wp-widget-advads_ad_widget.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; " id="jewis-1620211554"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1654630417192-0' style='margin:0 auto;width:300px;height:250px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1654630417192-0'); }); </script> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-32c7fd9 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-advads_ad_widget" data-id="32c7fd9" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="wp-widget-advads_ad_widget.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; " id="jewis-125557065"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1654193272281-0' style='margin:0 auto;max-width:300px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1654193272281-0'); }); </script> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3377ca68 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3377ca68" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Editor's Picks</h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-27ee7ac3 elementor-grid-1 elementor-grid-tablet-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-right elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts" data-id="27ee7ac3" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"classic_columns":"1","classic_columns_tablet":"1","classic_columns_mobile":"1","classic_row_gap":{"unit":"px","size":35,"sizes":[]},"classic_row_gap_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"classic_row_gap_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]}}" data-widget_type="posts.classic"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-classic elementor-grid"> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-336712 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blogs tag-editors-picks"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/blogs/336712/israel-and-the-internet-wars-a-professional-social-media-review/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img fetchpriority="high" width="1226" height="858" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/israel-social-media-1226x858.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-336713" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/blogs/336712/israel-and-the-internet-wars-a-professional-social-media-review/" > Israel and the Internet Wars – A Professional Social Media Review </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Marion Haberman </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-325390 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-columnist category-featured tag-editors-picks tag-la2020 tag-la2021 tag-los-angeles tag-notableold"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/columnist/325390/the-invisible-student-a-tale-of-homelessness-at-ucla-and-usc/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img width="1287" height="858" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/homeless-student-1287x858.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-325396" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/columnist/325390/the-invisible-student-a-tale-of-homelessness-at-ucla-and-usc/" > The Invisible Student: A Tale of Homelessness at UCLA and USC </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Tabby Refael </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-325400 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-columnist category-opinion tag-editors-picks tag-la2020 tag-la2021 tag-los-angeles tag-notableold"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/columnist/325400/what-ever-happened-to-the-la-times/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="1517" height="858" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/latimes-1517x858.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-325401" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/columnist/325400/what-ever-happened-to-the-la-times/" > What Ever Happened to the LA Times? </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Dan Schnur </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-325266 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-news category-united-states tag-editors-picks"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/news/325266/who-are-the-jews-on-joe-bidens-cabinet/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="1287" height="858" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/biden-cabinet-1-1287x858.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-325267" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/news/325266/who-are-the-jews-on-joe-bidens-cabinet/" > Who Are the Jews On Joe Biden’s Cabinet? </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Ryan Torok </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-325196 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blogs tag-editors-picks"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/blogs/325196/youre-not-a-bad-jewish-mom-if-your-kid-wants-santa-claus-to-come-to-your-house/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="1287" height="858" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/fireplace-1287x858.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-325197" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/blogs/325196/youre-not-a-bad-jewish-mom-if-your-kid-wants-santa-claus-to-come-to-your-house/" > You’re Not a Bad Jewish Mom If Your Kid Wants Santa Claus to Come to Your House </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Marion Haberman </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-325130 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-analysis category-commentary category-opinion tag-editors-picks tag-notableold"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/325130/no-labels-the-group-fighting-for-the-political-center/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="1287" height="858" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/no-labels-1287x858.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-325132" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/325130/no-labels-the-group-fighting-for-the-political-center/" > No Labels: The Group Fighting for the Political Center </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Larry Greenfield </span> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ccf5b72 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-advads_ad_widget" data-id="ccf5b72" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="wp-widget-advads_ad_widget.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; " id="jewis-2033031808"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1616373906345-0' style='margin:0 auto;max-width:300px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1616373906345-0'); }); </script> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f4f57b1 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-advads_ad_widget" data-id="f4f57b1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="wp-widget-advads_ad_widget.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; " id="jewis-644843383"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1616373593299-0' style='margin:0 auto;max-width:300px;display:flex;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1616373593299-0'); }); </script> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5dc919b1 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="5dc919b1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Latest Articles</h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3ac3ab53 elementor-grid-1 elementor-grid-tablet-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-right elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts" data-id="3ac3ab53" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"classic_columns":"1","classic_columns_tablet":"1","classic_columns_mobile":"1","classic_row_gap":{"unit":"px","size":35,"sizes":[]},"classic_row_gap_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"classic_row_gap_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]}}" data-widget_type="posts.classic"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-classic elementor-grid"> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370574 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-seeking-the-good"> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/blogs/seeking-the-good/370574/shabbat-hagadol-redeeming-dibbur-voice-and-speech-of-god/" > Shabbat HaGadol – Redeeming Dibbur – Voice and Speech of God </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Rabbi Mordecai Finley </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370571 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-holidays category-judaism"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/judaism/370571/ha-lachma-anya/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="724" height="483" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/robbins-liturgy.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-370572" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/judaism/370571/ha-lachma-anya/" > Ha Lachma Anya </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Eva Robbins </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370565 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-blogs category-commentary tag-columbia tag-eden-yadegar tag-four-difficulties tag-four-questions tag-freedom tag-holiday tag-hostages tag-israel tag-jewish tag-jewish-journal tag-jews tag-let-my-people-go tag-passover tag-rabbi-yoshi-zweiback tag-slavery tag-stand-with-us tag-state-of-israel tag-stephen-wise-temple tag-the-atlantic tag-world-jewish-congress"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/blogs/370565/passover-2024-the-four-difficulties/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="761" height="858" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/img-6648-761x858.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-370566" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/blogs/370565/passover-2024-the-four-difficulties/" > Passover 2024: The Four Difficulties </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Lisa Ellen Niver </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370552 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-israel category-news"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/israel/370552/israel-strikes-deep-inside-iran/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="1287" height="858" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/israel-airstrike-jns-1287x858.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-370553" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/israel/370552/israel-strikes-deep-inside-iran/" > Israel Strikes Deep Inside Iran </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Charles Bybelezer, JNS </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370438 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-judaism category-poetry"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/judaism/370438/nsfw-a-poem-for-parsha-metzora/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="700" height="358" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/poem-nsfw.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-370411" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/judaism/370438/nsfw-a-poem-for-parsha-metzora/" > NSFW – A Poem for Parsha Metzora </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Rick Lupert </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370546 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-community"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/community/370546/israel-war-room-launches-in-spanish/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="1158" height="858" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/hernandez-a-1158x858.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-370547" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/community/370546/israel-war-room-launches-in-spanish/" > Israel War Room Launches in Spanish </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Kylie Ora Lobell </span> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4a9bfdf elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-advads_ad_widget" data-id="4a9bfdf" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="wp-widget-advads_ad_widget.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; " id="jewis-244681444"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1616374550110-0' style='margin:0 auto;max-width:300px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1616374550110-0'); }); </script> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-84089de elementor-section-content-middle printhide elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="84089de" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a207fda" data-id="a207fda" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2a69629 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-advads_ad_widget" data-id="2a69629" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="wp-widget-advads_ad_widget.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; " class="onmobile" id="jewis-2007615018"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1616384112050-0' style='margin:0 auto;max-width:728px;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1616384112050-0'); }); </script> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-583abd4f elementor-section-full_width elementor-reverse-tablet elementor-reverse-mobile printhide elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="583abd4f" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-282e9138" data-id="282e9138" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-45c1451d elementor-widget elementor-widget-template" data-id="45c1451d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="template.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-template"> <div data-elementor-type="section" data-elementor-id="355021" class="elementor elementor-355021 elementor-location-single" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-335d063 column-box elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="335d063" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-773e7d8" data-id="773e7d8" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1a9a0c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="1a9a0c6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Culture</h4> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-38f6957 elementor-grid-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-none elementor-grid-tablet-1 home-cat elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts" data-id="38f6957" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"classic_columns":"1","classic_columns_tablet":"1","classic_columns_mobile":"1","classic_row_gap":{"unit":"px","size":35,"sizes":[]},"classic_row_gap_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"classic_row_gap_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]}}" data-widget_type="posts.classic"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-classic elementor-grid"> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370461 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-home category-lifestyle tag-comforts-of-home"> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h4 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/lifestyle/370461/make-felt-seder-plate-elements/" > Make Felt Seder Plate Elements </a> </h4> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Jonathan Fong </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370514 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-theater"> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h4 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/arts/theater/370514/oct-7-events-to-be-depicted-in-new-stage-show/" > Oct. 7 Events to Be Depicted in New Stage Show </a> </h4> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Brian Fishbach </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370510 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-food category-podcasts category-taste-buds-with-deb"> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h4 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/food/370510/shani-seidman-manischewitz-passover-memories-and-matzo-brei/" > Shani Seidman: Manischewitz, Passover Memories and Matzo Brei </a> </h4> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Debra L. Eckerling </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370460 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-books"> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h4 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/arts/books/370460/was-spinoza-a-victim-of-cancel-culture/" > Was Spinoza a Victim of Cancel Culture? </a> </h4> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Matthew Schultz </span> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f7f2d3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="f7f2d3e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/category/culture/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon elementor-align-icon-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-bars"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">More in Culture</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c3ab253" data-id="3c3ab253" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c5f4df0 elementor-grid-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-left home-cat elementor-grid-tablet-1 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts" data-id="c5f4df0" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"classic_columns":"1","classic_columns_tablet":"1","classic_columns_mobile":"1","classic_row_gap":{"unit":"px","size":35,"sizes":[]},"classic_row_gap_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"classic_row_gap_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]}}" data-widget_type="posts.classic"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-classic elementor-grid"> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370543 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-commentary category-opinion"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/opinion/370543/modern-book-bans-echo-past-atrocities-and-further-silence-marginalized-voices/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="1286" height="858" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/banned-books2-1286x858.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-370545" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/opinion/370543/modern-book-bans-echo-past-atrocities-and-further-silence-marginalized-voices/" > Modern Book Bans Echo Past Atrocities and Further Silence Marginalized Voices </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-date"> April 18, 2024 </span> </div> <div class="elementor-post__excerpt"> <p>While many book ban efforts have focused on politically conservative states like Florida and Texas, such efforts have been occurring even in states with more liberal reputations.</p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370541 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-commentary category-opinion"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/opinion/370541/the-power-of-the-passover-seder-to-unite-jews/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="725" height="482" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/abrams-seder.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-370542" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/opinion/370541/the-power-of-the-passover-seder-to-unite-jews/" > The Power of the Passover Seder to Unite Jews </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-date"> April 18, 2024 </span> </div> <div class="elementor-post__excerpt"> <p>This year, just six months after the brutal terrorist attack on October 7th, the Passover holiday is more important than ever.</p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370539 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-books"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/arts/books/370539/dr-nicole-saphier-reflects-on-motherhood-and-jewish-advocacy/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="1185" height="858" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/lovemom-hires-1-1185x858.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-370540" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/arts/books/370539/dr-nicole-saphier-reflects-on-motherhood-and-jewish-advocacy/" > Dr. Nicole Saphier Reflects on Motherhood and Jewish Advocacy </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-date"> April 18, 2024 </span> </div> <div class="elementor-post__excerpt"> <p>Just in time for Mother’s Day, Saphier has put out a new book called, “Love, Mom: Inspiring Stories Celebrating Motherhood.”</p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370535 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-commentary category-opinion tag-war2023"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/opinion/370535/israels-david-moment/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="1287" height="858" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/berman-israel-iran-1287x858.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-370537" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/commentary/opinion/370535/israels-david-moment/" > Israel’s David Moment </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-date"> April 18, 2024 </span> </div> <div class="elementor-post__excerpt"> <p>How Iran’s attack on the Jewish state could help unify a fractured Middle East</p> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370459 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-movers-shakers"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/events/movers-shakers/370459/beit-issie-shapiro-gala-david-labkovski-exhibit-de-toledo-college-signing-day-jfsla-shabbat/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="700" height="436" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ms-torok-beit-issie-shapiro-e1713311484241.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-370386" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h3 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/events/movers-shakers/370459/beit-issie-shapiro-gala-david-labkovski-exhibit-de-toledo-college-signing-day-jfsla-shabbat/" > Beit Issie Shapiro Gala, David Labkovski Exhibit, de Toledo College Signing Day, JFSLA Shabbat </a> </h3> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-date"> April 18, 2024 </span> </div> <div class="elementor-post__excerpt"> <p>Notable people and events in the Jewish LA community.</p> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31127afc" data-id="31127afc" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-44adcfb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-template" data-id="44adcfb4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="template.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-template"> <div data-elementor-type="section" data-elementor-id="354973" class="elementor elementor-354973 elementor-location-single" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-45aae7ae column-box elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="45aae7ae" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22179821" data-id="22179821" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7927557a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="7927557a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Hollywood</h4> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-31e20f22 elementor-grid-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-right elementor-grid-tablet-1 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts" data-id="31e20f22" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"classic_columns":"1","classic_columns_tablet":"1","classic_row_gap":{"unit":"px","size":25,"sizes":[]},"classic_columns_mobile":"1","classic_row_gap_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"classic_row_gap_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]}}" data-widget_type="posts.classic"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-classic elementor-grid"> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-356762 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-film tag-hollywood tag-hollywood2021"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/arts/film/356762/spielberg-says-antisemitism-is-no-longer-lurking-but-standing-proud-like-1930s-germany/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="1024" height="683" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/bandler-spielberg.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-356763" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h5 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/arts/film/356762/spielberg-says-antisemitism-is-no-longer-lurking-but-standing-proud-like-1930s-germany/" > Spielberg Says Antisemitism Is “No Longer Lurking, But Standing Proud” Like 1930s Germany </a> </h5> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Aaron Bandler </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-353017 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-arts category-film category-hollywood tag-hollywood tag-hollywood2021"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/arts/353017/young-actress-juju-brener-on-her-hocus-pocus-2-role/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="1169" height="858" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/juju-brener-blue-1169x858.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-353018" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h5 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/arts/353017/young-actress-juju-brener-on-her-hocus-pocus-2-role/" > Young Actress Juju Brener on Her “Hocus Pocus 2” Role </a> </h5> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Ayala Or-El </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-352555 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-television tag-hollywood tag-hollywood2021"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/arts/television/352555/behind-the-scenes-of-jeopardy-with-mayim-bialik/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="700" height="468" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/arts-mayim-jeopardy.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-352538" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h5 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/arts/television/352555/behind-the-scenes-of-jeopardy-with-mayim-bialik/" > Behind the Scenes of “Jeopardy!” with Mayim Bialik </a> </h5> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Kylie Ora Lobell </span> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-67539c78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="67539c78" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/tag/hollywood/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon elementor-align-icon-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-bars"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">More in Hollywood</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6a6fa65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="6a6fa65" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c9435de elementor-widget elementor-widget-template" data-id="c9435de" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="template.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-template"> <div data-elementor-type="section" data-elementor-id="355022" class="elementor elementor-355022 elementor-location-single" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16979c2 column-box elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="16979c2" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d6c498e" data-id="d6c498e" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-dbba562 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="dbba562" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Podcasts</h4> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-77f4e87 elementor-grid-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-right elementor-grid-tablet-1 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts" data-id="77f4e87" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"classic_columns":"1","classic_columns_tablet":"1","classic_row_gap":{"unit":"px","size":25,"sizes":[]},"classic_columns_mobile":"1","classic_row_gap_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"classic_row_gap_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]}}" data-widget_type="posts.classic"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-classic elementor-grid"> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370510 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-food category-podcasts category-taste-buds-with-deb"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/food/370510/shani-seidman-manischewitz-passover-memories-and-matzo-brei/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="824" height="858" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/shaniseidmanprofilepic-2-824x858.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-370512" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h5 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/food/370510/shani-seidman-manischewitz-passover-memories-and-matzo-brei/" > Shani Seidman: Manischewitz, Passover Memories and Matzo Brei </a> </h5> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Debra L. Eckerling </span> </div> </div> </article> <article class="elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-370243 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-food category-podcasts category-taste-buds-with-deb"> <a class="elementor-post__thumbnail__link" href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/food/370243/joan-nathan-my-life-in-recipes-and-pecan-lemon-torte/" tabindex="-1" > <div class="elementor-post__thumbnail"><img loading="lazy" width="1043" height="858" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/joan-nathan-c-hope-leigh-1043x858.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-370246" alt="" /></div> </a> <div class="elementor-post__text"> <h5 class="elementor-post__title"> <a href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/food/370243/joan-nathan-my-life-in-recipes-and-pecan-lemon-torte/" > Joan Nathan: “My Life in Recipes” and Pecan Lemon Torte </a> </h5> <div class="elementor-post__meta-data"> <span class="elementor-post-author"> Debra L. Eckerling </span> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-773a25a elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="773a25a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/category/podcasts/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon elementor-align-icon-right"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-bars"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">More in Podcasts</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-192e2f2 elementor-section-content-middle printhide elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="192e2f2" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb20c24" data-id="cb20c24" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9d59ef9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-advads_ad_widget" data-id="9d59ef9" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="wp-widget-advads_ad_widget.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; " class="onmobile" id="jewis-1597460197"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1616374816108-0' style='margin:0 auto;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1616374816108-0'); }); </script> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4bf1930 elementor-section-full_width printhide elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="4bf1930" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0f0065b" data-id="0f0065b" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f99f2d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-template" data-id="f99f2d6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="template.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-template"> <div data-elementor-type="section" data-elementor-id="354964" class="elementor elementor-354964 elementor-location-single" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-18e9f39d elementor-section-content-middle bluebar elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="18e9f39d" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-52f3bc26" data-id="52f3bc26" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-381bc5fb elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="381bc5fb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">More news and opinions than at a<br> Shabbat dinner, right in your inbox.</h4> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-46e26c62 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="46e26c62" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">More news and opinions than at a Shabbat dinner, right in your inbox.</h4> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7a8d90f bdt-gravity-form-button-custom elementor-widget elementor-widget-bdt-gravity-form" data-id="7a8d90f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="bdt-gravity-form.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="bdt-gravity-forms"> <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gform_legacy_markup_wrapper gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='legacy' data-form-index='1' id='gform_wrapper_9' ><style>#gform_wrapper_9[data-form-index="1"].gform-theme,[data-parent-form="9_1"]{--gf-color-primary: #204ce5;--gf-color-primary-rgb: 32, 76, 229;--gf-color-primary-contrast: #fff;--gf-color-primary-contrast-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-primary-darker: #001AB3;--gf-color-primary-lighter: #527EFF;--gf-color-secondary: #fff;--gf-color-secondary-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-secondary-contrast: #112337;--gf-color-secondary-contrast-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-secondary-darker: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-secondary-lighter: #FFFFFF;--gf-color-out-ctrl-light: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.1);--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-darker: rgba(104, 110, 119, 0.35);--gf-color-out-ctrl-light-lighter: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-out-ctrl-dark: #585e6a;--gf-color-out-ctrl-dark-rgb: 88, 94, 106;--gf-color-out-ctrl-dark-darker: #112337;--gf-color-out-ctrl-dark-lighter: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65);--gf-color-in-ctrl: #fff;--gf-color-in-ctrl-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-in-ctrl-contrast: #112337;--gf-color-in-ctrl-contrast-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-in-ctrl-darker: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-in-ctrl-lighter: #FFFFFF;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary: #204ce5;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary-rgb: 32, 76, 229;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary-contrast: #fff;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary-contrast-rgb: 255, 255, 255;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary-darker: #001AB3;--gf-color-in-ctrl-primary-lighter: #527EFF;--gf-color-in-ctrl-light: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.1);--gf-color-in-ctrl-light-rgb: 17, 35, 55;--gf-color-in-ctrl-light-darker: rgba(104, 110, 119, 0.35);--gf-color-in-ctrl-light-lighter: #F5F5F5;--gf-color-in-ctrl-dark: #585e6a;--gf-color-in-ctrl-dark-rgb: 88, 94, 106;--gf-color-in-ctrl-dark-darker: #112337;--gf-color-in-ctrl-dark-lighter: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65);--gf-radius: 3px;--gf-font-size-secondary: 14px;--gf-font-size-tertiary: 13px;--gf-icon-ctrl-number: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='8' height='14' viewBox='0 0 8 14' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath fill-rule='evenodd' clip-rule='evenodd' d='M4 0C4.26522 5.96046e-08 4.51957 0.105357 4.70711 0.292893L7.70711 3.29289C8.09763 3.68342 8.09763 4.31658 7.70711 4.70711C7.31658 5.09763 6.68342 5.09763 6.29289 4.70711L4 2.41421L1.70711 4.70711C1.31658 5.09763 0.683417 5.09763 0.292893 4.70711C-0.0976311 4.31658 -0.097631 3.68342 0.292893 3.29289L3.29289 0.292893C3.48043 0.105357 3.73478 0 4 0ZM0.292893 9.29289C0.683417 8.90237 1.31658 8.90237 1.70711 9.29289L4 11.5858L6.29289 9.29289C6.68342 8.90237 7.31658 8.90237 7.70711 9.29289C8.09763 9.68342 8.09763 10.3166 7.70711 10.7071L4.70711 13.7071C4.31658 14.0976 3.68342 14.0976 3.29289 13.7071L0.292893 10.7071C-0.0976311 10.3166 -0.0976311 9.68342 0.292893 9.29289Z' fill='rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");--gf-icon-ctrl-select: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='10' height='6' viewBox='0 0 10 6' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath fill-rule='evenodd' clip-rule='evenodd' d='M0.292893 0.292893C0.683417 -0.097631 1.31658 -0.097631 1.70711 0.292893L5 3.58579L8.29289 0.292893C8.68342 -0.0976311 9.31658 -0.0976311 9.70711 0.292893C10.0976 0.683417 10.0976 1.31658 9.70711 1.70711L5.70711 5.70711C5.31658 6.09763 4.68342 6.09763 4.29289 5.70711L0.292893 1.70711C-0.0976311 1.31658 -0.0976311 0.683418 0.292893 0.292893Z' fill='rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");--gf-icon-ctrl-search: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg version='1.1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='640' height='640'%3E%3Cpath d='M256 128c-70.692 0-128 57.308-128 128 0 70.691 57.308 128 128 128 70.691 0 128-57.309 128-128 0-70.692-57.309-128-128-128zM64 256c0-106.039 85.961-192 192-192s192 85.961 192 192c0 41.466-13.146 79.863-35.498 111.248l154.125 154.125c12.496 12.496 12.496 32.758 0 45.254s-32.758 12.496-45.254 0L367.248 412.502C335.862 434.854 297.467 448 256 448c-106.039 0-192-85.962-192-192z' fill='rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");--gf-label-space-y-secondary: var(--gf-label-space-y-md-secondary);--gf-ctrl-border-color: #686e77;--gf-ctrl-size: var(--gf-ctrl-size-md);--gf-ctrl-label-color-primary: #112337;--gf-ctrl-label-color-secondary: #112337;--gf-ctrl-choice-size: var(--gf-ctrl-choice-size-md);--gf-ctrl-checkbox-check-size: var(--gf-ctrl-checkbox-check-size-md);--gf-ctrl-radio-check-size: var(--gf-ctrl-radio-check-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-font-size: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-font-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-padding-x: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-padding-x-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-size: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-border-color-secondary: #686e77;--gf-ctrl-file-btn-bg-color-hover: #EBEBEB;--gf-field-pg-steps-number-color: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.8);}</style><form method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data' id='gform_9' action='/cover_story/103268/' data-formid='9' novalidate> <div class='gform-body gform_body'><ul id='gform_fields_9' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below'><li id="field_9_2" class="gfield gfield--type-email gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below hidden_label gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_9_2" ><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><label class="gfield_label gform-field-label" for="input_9_2">Email<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class="ginput_container ginput_container_email"> <input name="input_2" id="input_9_2" type="email" value="" placeholder="Enter Your Email" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" class="required large"> </div></body></html> </li></ul></div> <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_9' class='gform_button button' value='Sign Up' onclick='if(window["gf_submitting_9"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_9")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_9")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_9"]=true;} ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window["gf_submitting_9"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_9")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_9")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_9"]=true;} jQuery("#gform_9").trigger("submit",[true]); }' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_9' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='9' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_9' value='WyJbXSIsIjMwM2RiODllMDRlNDBjMGQzMGY2NGQwYzNmNDUwNjMzIl0=' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_9' id='gform_target_page_number_9' value='0' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_9' id='gform_source_page_number_9' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' /> </div> </form> </div><script> gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 9, 'https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_9').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_9');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_9').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { /* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome */ }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_9').val();gformInitSpinner( 9, 'https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [9, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_9'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}setTimeout(function(){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [9]);window['gf_submitting_9'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_9').text());}, 50);}else{jQuery('#gform_9').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger("gform_pre_post_render", [{ formId: "9", currentPage: "current_page", abort: function() { this.preventDefault(); } }]); if (event.defaultPrevented) { return; } const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_wrapper_9" ); if ( gformWrapperDiv ) { const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( "span" ); visibilitySpan.id = "gform_visibility_test_9"; gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( "afterend", visibilitySpan ); } const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_visibility_test_9" ); let postRenderFired = false; function triggerPostRender() { if ( postRenderFired ) { return; } postRenderFired = true; jQuery( document ).trigger( 'gform_post_render', [9, current_page] ); gform.utils.trigger( { event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 9, currentPage: current_page } } ); if ( visibilityTestDiv ) { visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv ); } } function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) { var timeout; return function() { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function() { timeout = null; if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args ); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout( timeout ); timeout = setTimeout( later, wait ); if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args ); }; } const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() { triggerPostRender(); }, 200 ); if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) { const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => { mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => { if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) { debouncedTriggerPostRender(); observer.disconnect(); } }); }); observer.observe( document.body, { attributes: true, childList: false, subtree: true, attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ], }); } else { triggerPostRender(); } } );} ); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div>  </div> <div data-elementor-type="footer" data-elementor-id="354962" class="elementor elementor-354962 elementor-location-footer" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16ff2513 elementor-section-full_width printhide elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="16ff2513" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-306cf8ff" data-id="306cf8ff" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-73c841ca elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="73c841ca" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-41944ee6" data-id="41944ee6" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-58f0ac64 rm20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-site-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="58f0ac64" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-site-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://jewishjournal.com">Jewish Journal</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-29de7e30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="29de7e30" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Connect. Inform. Inspire. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1292df" data-id="5d1292df" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-522eb500 elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-nav-menu__align-start elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu" data-id="522eb500" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"layout":"vertical","submenu_icon":{"value":"<i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i>","library":"fa-solid"}}" data-widget_type="nav-menu.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <nav class="elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-none"> <ul id="menu-1-522eb500" class="elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-355055"><a href="https://jewishjournal.com/advertise/" class="elementor-item menu-link">Advertise</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-313537"><a href="https://jewishjournal.com/frequently-asked-questions/" class="elementor-item menu-link">FAQ</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-317631"><a href="/crisis-resource-guide" class="elementor-item menu-link">Resource Guide</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container" aria-hidden="true"> <ul id="menu-2-522eb500" class="elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-355055"><a href="https://jewishjournal.com/advertise/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Advertise</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-313537"><a href="https://jewishjournal.com/frequently-asked-questions/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">FAQ</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-317631"><a href="/crisis-resource-guide" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Resource Guide</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-9ce60d5 elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu" data-id="9ce60d5" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"layout":"vertical","submenu_icon":{"value":"<i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i>","library":"fa-solid"}}" data-widget_type="nav-menu.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <nav class="elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-none"> <ul id="menu-1-9ce60d5" class="elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-355055"><a href="https://jewishjournal.com/advertise/" class="elementor-item menu-link">Advertise</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-313537"><a href="https://jewishjournal.com/frequently-asked-questions/" class="elementor-item menu-link">FAQ</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-317631"><a href="/crisis-resource-guide" class="elementor-item menu-link">Resource Guide</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container" aria-hidden="true"> <ul id="menu-2-9ce60d5" class="elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-355055"><a href="https://jewishjournal.com/advertise/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Advertise</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-313537"><a href="https://jewishjournal.com/frequently-asked-questions/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">FAQ</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-317631"><a href="/crisis-resource-guide" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Resource Guide</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b6c699a" data-id="7b6c699a" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-243ace76 elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu" data-id="243ace76" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"layout":"vertical","submenu_icon":{"value":"<i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i>","library":"fa-solid"}}" data-widget_type="nav-menu.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <nav class="elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-none"> <ul id="menu-1-243ace76" class="elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-355056"><a href="https://jewishjournal.com/contact-us/" class="elementor-item menu-link">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-313549"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://jewishjournal.com/privacy-policy/" class="elementor-item menu-link">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-353247"><a href="/donate" class="elementor-item menu-link">Donate</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container" aria-hidden="true"> <ul id="menu-2-243ace76" class="elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-355056"><a href="https://jewishjournal.com/contact-us/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-313549"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://jewishjournal.com/privacy-policy/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-353247"><a href="/donate" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Donate</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3c3d03dc elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu" data-id="3c3d03dc" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"layout":"vertical","submenu_icon":{"value":"<i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i>","library":"fa-solid"}}" data-widget_type="nav-menu.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <nav class="elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-none"> <ul id="menu-1-3c3d03dc" class="elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-355056"><a href="https://jewishjournal.com/contact-us/" class="elementor-item menu-link">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-313549"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://jewishjournal.com/privacy-policy/" class="elementor-item menu-link">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-353247"><a href="/donate" class="elementor-item menu-link">Donate</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container" aria-hidden="true"> <ul id="menu-2-3c3d03dc" class="elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-355056"><a href="https://jewishjournal.com/contact-us/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-313549"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://jewishjournal.com/privacy-policy/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-353247"><a href="/donate" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Donate</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3241aa4" data-id="3241aa4" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1d94f447 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="1d94f447" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/jewishjournal" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fab fa-facebook-f"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text"></span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/jewishjournal" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fab fa-instagram"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text"></span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.twitter.com/jewishjournal" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fab fa-twitter"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text"></span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@jewishjournal" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fab fa-tiktok"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3d2c4675 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="3d2c4675" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> © Copyright 2024 Tribe Media Corp • <a href="https://www.lightdrop.com/?utm_source=jewishjournal" class="ld-footer">Powered by Lightdrop</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="jewis-footbar jewis-sticky" id="jewis-733347738" style="position: fixed; bottom: 0; z-index: 10000; display: none; "><span class="jewis-close-button" onclick="void(0)" title="close" style="width: 15px; height: 15px; background: #fff; position: relative; line-height: 15px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; z-index: 10000;right:-15px;float: right; margin-left: -15px;">×</span> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1616374188811-0'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1616374188811-0'); }); </script> </div></div><script>( window.advanced_ads_ready || jQuery( document ).ready ).call( null, function() {var wrapper_id = "#jewis-733347738"; var $wrapper = jQuery( wrapper_id );advads.move( wrapper_id, "", { });window.advanced_ads_sticky_items = window.advanced_ads_sticky_items || {};advanced_ads_sticky_items[ "jewis-733347738" ] = { "can_convert_to_abs": "1", "initial_css": $wrapper.attr( "style" ), "modifying_func": function() { $wrapper.css("width", 320);advads.center_fixed_element( $wrapper );$wrapper.show(0).css( 'display', 'block' );jQuery( "#jewis-733347738" ).on( "click", "span", function() { advads.close( "#jewis-733347738" ); });}}; if ( advads.wait_for_images ) { var sticky_wait_for_images_time = new Date().getTime(); $wrapper.data( "sticky_wait_for_images_time", sticky_wait_for_images_time ); advads.wait_for_images( $wrapper, function() { // At the moment when this function is called, it is possible that // the placement has been updated using "Reload ads on resize" feature of Responsive add-on if ( $wrapper.data( "sticky_wait_for_images_time" ) === sticky_wait_for_images_time ) { advanced_ads_sticky_items[ "jewis-733347738" ]["modifying_func"](); } } ); } else { advanced_ads_sticky_items[ "jewis-733347738" ]["modifying_func"](); }; });</script> <div data-elementor-type="popup" data-elementor-id="357683" class="elementor elementor-357683 elementor-location-popup" data-elementor-settings="{"entrance_animation":"none","entrance_animation_duration":{"unit":"px","size":1.2,"sizes":[]},"a11y_navigation":"yes","triggers":{"page_load_delay":5000,"page_load":"yes","exit_intent":"yes"},"timing":{"logged_in":"yes","times_times":1,"times_period":"session","times":"yes","logged_in_users":"all"}}" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e60b4d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="5e60b4d" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-53af805" data-id="53af805" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7d617fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="7d617fc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="tdm-title tdm-title-md" style="color: #ffffff; text-align: center;"><img loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-316514 aligncenter" src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/jjlogo4.jpg" alt="" width="767" height="77" />More news and opinions than at a Shabbat dinner, right in your inbox.</h3> <p style="text-align: center;"> <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gform_legacy_markup_wrapper gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='legacy' data-form-index='2' id='gform_wrapper_9' > <div class='gform_heading'> <p class='gform_description'></p> </div><form method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data' id='gform_9' action='/cover_story/103268/' data-formid='9' novalidate> <div class='gform-body gform_body'><ul id='gform_fields_9' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below'><li id="field_9_2" class="gfield gfield--type-email gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below hidden_label gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_9_2" ><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><label class="gfield_label gform-field-label" for="input_9_2">Email<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk">*</span></span></label><div class="ginput_container ginput_container_email"> <input name="input_2" id="input_9_2" type="email" value="" placeholder="Enter Your Email" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" class="required large"> </div></body></html> </li></ul></div> <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_9' class='gform_button button' value='Sign Up' onclick='if(window["gf_submitting_9"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_9")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_9")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_9"]=true;} ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window["gf_submitting_9"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_9")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_9")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_9"]=true;} jQuery("#gform_9").trigger("submit",[true]); }' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_9' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='9' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_9' value='WyJbXSIsIjMwM2RiODllMDRlNDBjMGQzMGY2NGQwYzNmNDUwNjMzIl0=' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_9' id='gform_target_page_number_9' value='0' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_9' id='gform_source_page_number_9' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' /> </div> </form> </div><script> gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 9, 'https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_9').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_9');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_9').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { /* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome */ }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_9').val();gformInitSpinner( 9, 'https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [9, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_9'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}setTimeout(function(){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [9]);window['gf_submitting_9'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_9').text());}, 50);}else{jQuery('#gform_9').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger("gform_pre_post_render", [{ formId: "9", currentPage: "current_page", abort: function() { this.preventDefault(); } }]); if (event.defaultPrevented) { return; } const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_wrapper_9" ); if ( gformWrapperDiv ) { const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( "span" ); visibilitySpan.id = "gform_visibility_test_9"; gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( "afterend", visibilitySpan ); } const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_visibility_test_9" ); let postRenderFired = false; function triggerPostRender() { if ( postRenderFired ) { return; } postRenderFired = true; jQuery( document ).trigger( 'gform_post_render', [9, current_page] ); gform.utils.trigger( { event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 9, currentPage: current_page } } ); if ( visibilityTestDiv ) { visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv ); } } function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) { var timeout; return function() { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function() { timeout = null; if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args ); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout( timeout ); timeout = setTimeout( later, wait ); if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args ); }; } const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() { triggerPostRender(); }, 200 ); if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) { const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => { mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => { if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) { debouncedTriggerPostRender(); observer.disconnect(); } }); }); observer.observe( document.body, { attributes: true, childList: false, subtree: true, attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ], }); } else { triggerPostRender(); } } );} ); </script> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ep-search-css' href='https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/bdthemes-element-pack/assets/css/ep-search.css?ver=6.15.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-fa-regular-css' href='https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/regular.min.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-354980-css' href='https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-354980.css?ver=1711414858' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gforms_reset_css-css' href='https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/legacy/css/formreset.min.css?ver=2.8.7' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gforms_formsmain_css-css' href='https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/legacy/css/formsmain.min.css?ver=2.8.7' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gforms_ready_class_css-css' href='https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/legacy/css/readyclass.min.css?ver=2.8.7' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gforms_browsers_css-css' href='https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/legacy/css/browsers.min.css?ver=2.8.7' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-gravity-forms-css' href='https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/css/minified/compatibility/gravity-forms.min.css?ver=4.0.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ep-gravity-forms-css' href='https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/bdthemes-element-pack/assets/css/ep-gravity-forms.css?ver=6.15.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-355021-css' href='https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-355021.css?ver=1711414855' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-354973-css' href='https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-354973.css?ver=1711414855' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-355022-css' href='https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-355022.css?ver=1711414855' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-354964-css' href='https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-354964.css?ver=1711414855' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-2-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic&display=swap&ver=6.4.3' media='all' /> <script id="astra-theme-js-js-extra"> var astra = {"break_point":"921","isRtl":"","is_scroll_to_id":"1","is_scroll_to_top":""}; </script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/js/minified/frontend.min.js?ver=4.0.1" id="astra-theme-js-js"></script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/honeypot/includes/js/wpa.js?ver=2.1.19" id="wpascript-js"></script> <script id="wpascript-js-after"> wpa_field_info = {"wpa_field_name":"htfvqe7765","wpa_field_value":838918,"wpa_add_test":"no"} </script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-armour-extended/includes/js/wpae.js?ver=1.26" id="wpaescript-js"></script> <script id="give-donation-summary-script-frontend-js-extra"> var GiveDonationSummaryData = {"currencyPrecisionLookup":{"USD":2,"EUR":2,"GBP":2,"AUD":2,"BRL":2,"CAD":2,"CZK":2,"DKK":2,"HKD":2,"HUF":2,"ILS":2,"JPY":0,"MYR":2,"MXN":2,"MAD":2,"NZD":2,"NOK":2,"PHP":2,"PLN":2,"SGD":2,"KRW":0,"ZAR":2,"SEK":2,"CHF":2,"TWD":2,"THB":2,"INR":2,"TRY":2,"IRR":2,"RUB":2,"AED":2,"AMD":2,"ANG":2,"ARS":2,"AWG":2,"BAM":2,"BDT":2,"BHD":3,"BMD":2,"BND":2,"BOB":2,"BSD":2,"BWP":2,"BZD":2,"CLP":0,"CNY":2,"COP":2,"CRC":2,"CUC":2,"CUP":2,"DOP":2,"EGP":2,"GIP":2,"GTQ":2,"HNL":2,"HRK":2,"IDR":2,"ISK":0,"JMD":2,"JOD":2,"KES":2,"KWD":2,"KYD":2,"MKD":2,"NPR":2,"OMR":3,"PEN":2,"PKR":2,"RON":2,"SAR":2,"SZL":2,"TOP":2,"TZS":2,"UAH":2,"UYU":2,"VEF":2,"XCD":2,"AFN":2,"ALL":2,"AOA":2,"AZN":2,"BBD":2,"BGN":2,"BIF":0,"XBT":8,"BTN":1,"BYR":2,"BYN":2,"CDF":2,"CVE":2,"DJF":0,"DZD":2,"ERN":2,"ETB":2,"FJD":2,"FKP":2,"GEL":2,"GGP":2,"GHS":2,"GMD":2,"GNF":0,"GYD":2,"HTG":2,"IMP":2,"IQD":2,"IRT":2,"JEP":2,"KGS":2,"KHR":0,"KMF":2,"KPW":0,"KZT":2,"LAK":0,"LBP":2,"LKR":0,"LRD":2,"LSL":2,"LYD":3,"MDL":2,"MGA":0,"MMK":2,"MNT":2,"MOP":2,"MRO":2,"MUR":2,"MVR":1,"MWK":2,"MZN":0,"NAD":2,"NGN":2,"NIO":2,"PAB":2,"PGK":2,"PRB":2,"PYG":2,"QAR":2,"RSD":2,"RWF":2,"SBD":2,"SCR":2,"SDG":2,"SHP":2,"SLL":2,"SOS":2,"SRD":2,"SSP":2,"STD":2,"SYP":2,"TJS":2,"TMT":2,"TND":3,"TTD":2,"UGX":2,"UZS":2,"VND":1,"VUV":0,"WST":2,"XAF":2,"XOF":2,"XPF":2,"YER":2,"ZMW":2},"recurringLabelLookup":{"day":"Daily","week":"Weekly","month":"Monthly","quarter":"Quarterly","half-year":"Semi-Annually","year":"Yearly"}}; </script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/give/assets/dist/js/give-donation-summary.js?ver=3.7.0" id="give-donation-summary-script-frontend-js"></script> <script id="advanced-ads-layer-footer-js-js-extra"> var advanced_ads_layer_settings = {"layer_class":"jewis-layer","placements":[]}; </script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/advanced-ads-layer/public/assets/js/layer.js?ver=1.7.8" id="advanced-ads-layer-footer-js-js"></script> <script id="advanced-ads-sticky-footer-js-js-extra"> var advanced_ads_sticky_settings = {"check_position_fixed":"","sticky_class":"jewis-sticky","placements":["footbar"]}; </script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/advanced-ads-sticky-ads/public/assets/js/sticky.js?ver=1.8.5" id="advanced-ads-sticky-footer-js-js"></script> <script id="elasticpress-autosuggest-js-extra"> var epas = {"query":"{\"from\":0,\"size\":10,\"post_filter\":{\"bool\":{\"must\":[{\"terms\":{\"post_type.raw\":[\"post\",\"page\",\"give_forms\",\"calendar\",\"jewishinsider\",\"hollywood\",\"israel\",\"science\",\"money\",\"books\",\"food\",\"tech\",\"world\",\"family\",\"united_states\",\"culture\",\"judaism\",\"top_stories\"]}},{\"terms\":{\"post_status\":[\"publish\",\"acf-disabled\",\"refunded\",\"failed\",\"revoked\",\"cancelled\",\"abandoned\",\"processing\",\"preapproval\",\"give_subscription\"]}},{\"bool\":{\"must_not\":[{\"terms\":{\"meta.ep_exclude_from_search.raw\":[\"1\"]}}]}}]}},\"query\":{\"function_score\":{\"query\":{\"bool\":{\"should\":[{\"bool\":{\"must\":[{\"bool\":{\"should\":[{\"multi_match\":{\"query\":\"ep_autosuggest_placeholder\",\"type\":\"phrase\",\"fields\":[\"post_title^60\",\"post_excerpt^40\",\"post_content^30\",\"post_author.display_name^90\",\"terms.category.name^1\",\"terms.post_tag.name^1\",\"terms.ep_custom_result.name^9999\",\"post_title.suggest^1\",\"term_suggest^1\"],\"boost\":5,\"slop\":5}},{\"multi_match\":{\"query\":\"ep_autosuggest_placeholder\",\"type\":\"phrase\",\"fields\":[\"post_title^60\",\"post_excerpt^40\",\"post_content^30\",\"post_author.display_name^90\",\"terms.category.name^1\",\"terms.post_tag.name^1\",\"terms.ep_custom_result.name^9999\",\"post_title.suggest^1\",\"term_suggest^1\"],\"boost\":2,\"slop\":12}},{\"multi_match\":{\"query\":\"ep_autosuggest_placeholder\",\"type\":\"cross_fields\",\"fields\":[\"post_title^1\",\"post_excerpt^1\",\"post_content^1\",\"post_author.display_name^1\",\"terms.category.name^1\",\"terms.post_tag.name^1\",\"terms.ep_custom_result.name^1\"],\"boost\":1,\"analyzer\":\"standard\",\"tie_breaker\":0.5,\"operator\":\"and\"}}]}}],\"filter\":[{\"match\":{\"post_type.raw\":\"post\"}}]}},{\"bool\":{\"must\":[{\"bool\":{\"should\":[{\"multi_match\":{\"query\":\"ep_autosuggest_placeholder\",\"type\":\"phrase\",\"fields\":[\"post_title^1\",\"post_excerpt^1\",\"post_content^1\",\"post_author.display_name^1\",\"terms.ep_custom_result.name^9999\",\"post_title.suggest^1\",\"term_suggest^9998\"],\"boost\":5,\"slop\":5}},{\"multi_match\":{\"query\":\"ep_autosuggest_placeholder\",\"type\":\"phrase\",\"fields\":[\"post_title^1\",\"post_excerpt^1\",\"post_content^1\",\"post_author.display_name^1\",\"terms.ep_custom_result.name^9999\",\"post_title.suggest^1\",\"term_suggest^9998\"],\"boost\":2,\"slop\":12}},{\"multi_match\":{\"query\":\"ep_autosuggest_placeholder\",\"type\":\"cross_fields\",\"fields\":[\"post_title^1\",\"post_excerpt^1\",\"post_content^1\",\"post_author.display_name^1\",\"terms.ep_custom_result.name^1\"],\"boost\":1,\"analyzer\":\"standard\",\"tie_breaker\":0.5,\"operator\":\"and\"}}]}}],\"filter\":[{\"match\":{\"post_type.raw\":\"give_forms\"}}]}}]}},\"functions\":[{\"exp\":{\"post_date_gmt\":{\"scale\":\"800d\",\"decay\":0.25,\"offset\":\"30d\"}}},{\"weight\":0.001}],\"score_mode\":\"sum\",\"boost_mode\":\"multiply\"}},\"sort\":[{\"_score\":{\"order\":\"desc\"}}]}","placeholder":"ep_autosuggest_placeholder","endpointUrl":"https:\/\/lior-600c9d6173b1c.clients.hosted-elasticpress.io\/lior-600c9d6173b1c--jewishjournalcom-post-1\/autosuggest","selector":"ep-autosuggest","defaultSelectors":".ep-autosuggest, input[type=\"search\"], .search-field","action":"navigate","mimeTypes":[],"http_headers":[],"triggerAnalytics":"","addSearchTermHeader":"1","requestIdBase":"lior600c9d6173b1c"}; </script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/elasticpress/dist/js/autosuggest-script.js?ver=7ee9db0afcd0a43ed4e1" id="elasticpress-autosuggest-js"></script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/jquery-validation-for-gravity-form/includes/assets/js/jquery.validate.min.js?ver=1.91" id="jvgf_jquery_validate-js"></script> <script id="jvgf_validation-js-extra"> var scriptData = {"jvgf_default_settings":{"jvgf_show_label_error":"errorMsgshow","jvgf_invalid_field_design":"theme_1","jvgf_verify_code_field_placeholder":"Verification Code","jvgf_email_verify_subject":"Your Verification Code","jvgf_email_verify_body":"Hi, \r\n\r\nYour Verification Code is [CODE] . \r\n\r\nPlease keep the code in Verification Code input box to verify.\r\n\r\nThanks","jvgf_msg_email_verify":"Verification Code didn't matched."},"jvgf_default_error_msgs":{"required":"This field is required.","email":"Please enter a valid email address.","url":"Please enter a valid URL.","date":"Please enter a valid date.","dateISO":"Please enter a valid date (ISO).","number":"Please enter a valid number.","digits":"Please enter only digits.","alphanumeric":"Letters, numbers, and underscores only.","lettersonly":"Letters only please.","letters_space":"Letters and space only.","creditcard":"Please enter a valid credit card number.","phoneUS":"Please specify a valid US phone number","phoneUK":"Please specify a valid UK phone number","mobileUK":"Please specify a valid UK mobile number","stateUS":"Please specify a valid US state","ipv4":"Please specify a valid IP v4 Address","ipv6":"Please specify a valid IP v6 Address","equalTo":"Please enter the same value again.","extension":"Please enter a file with a valid extension.","require_from_group":"Please fill at least {0} of these fields.","maxlength":"Please enter no more than {0} characters.","minlength":"Please enter at least {0} characters.","rangelength":"Please enter a value between {0} and {1} characters long.","range":"Please enter a value between {0} and {1}.","max":"Please enter a value less than or equal to {0}.","min":"Please enter a value greater than or equal to {0}.","iban":"Please specify a valid IBAN.","bic":"Please specify a valid BIC code.","check_username":"Username doesn't exists.","email_verification":"Email verification code doesn't match"},"jvgf_ajax_url":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=jvgf_ajax_validation","jvgf_regexs":[]}; </script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/jquery-validation-for-gravity-form/includes/assets/js/jvgf_validation.js?ver=1.91" id="jvgf_validation-js"></script> <script id="bdt-uikit-js-extra"> var element_pack_ajax_login_config = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","language":"en","loadingmessage":"Sending user info, please wait...","unknownerror":"Unknown error, make sure access is correct!"}; var ElementPackConfig = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"f473e0ffae","data_table":{"language":{"lengthMenu":"Show _MENU_ Entries","info":"Showing _START_ to _END_ of _TOTAL_ entries","search":"Search :","sZeroRecords":"No matching records found","paginate":{"previous":"Previous","next":"Next"}}},"contact_form":{"sending_msg":"Sending message please wait...","captcha_nd":"Invisible captcha not defined!","captcha_nr":"Could not get invisible captcha response!"},"mailchimp":{"subscribing":"Subscribing you please wait..."},"search":{"more_result":"More Results","search_result":"SEARCH RESULT","not_found":"not found"},"elements_data":{"sections":[],"columns":[],"widgets":[]}}; </script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/bdthemes-element-pack/assets/js/bdt-uikit.min.js?ver=3.15.1" id="bdt-uikit-js"></script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/webpack.runtime.min.js?ver=3.21.0" id="elementor-webpack-runtime-js"></script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend-modules.min.js?ver=3.21.0" id="elementor-frontend-modules-js"></script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/waypoints/waypoints.min.js?ver=4.0.2" id="elementor-waypoints-js"></script> <script id="elementor-frontend-js-before"> var elementorFrontendConfig = {"environmentMode":{"edit":false,"wpPreview":false,"isScriptDebug":false},"i18n":{"shareOnFacebook":"Share on Facebook","shareOnTwitter":"Share on Twitter","pinIt":"Pin it","download":"Download","downloadImage":"Download image","fullscreen":"Fullscreen","zoom":"Zoom","share":"Share","playVideo":"Play Video","previous":"Previous","next":"Next","close":"Close","a11yCarouselWrapperAriaLabel":"Carousel | Horizontal scrolling: Arrow Left & Right","a11yCarouselPrevSlideMessage":"Previous slide","a11yCarouselNextSlideMessage":"Next slide","a11yCarouselFirstSlideMessage":"This is the first slide","a11yCarouselLastSlideMessage":"This is the last slide","a11yCarouselPaginationBulletMessage":"Go to slide"},"is_rtl":false,"breakpoints":{"xs":0,"sm":480,"md":768,"lg":1025,"xl":1440,"xxl":1600},"responsive":{"breakpoints":{"mobile":{"label":"Mobile Portrait","value":767,"default_value":767,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"mobile_extra":{"label":"Mobile Landscape","value":880,"default_value":880,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"tablet":{"label":"Tablet Portrait","value":1024,"default_value":1024,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"tablet_extra":{"label":"Tablet Landscape","value":1200,"default_value":1200,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"laptop":{"label":"Laptop","value":1366,"default_value":1366,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"widescreen":{"label":"Widescreen","value":2400,"default_value":2400,"direction":"min","is_enabled":false}}}, "version":"3.21.0","is_static":false,"experimentalFeatures":{"e_optimized_assets_loading":true,"container_grid":true,"home_screen":true,"ai-layout":true},"urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/"},"swiperClass":"swiper-container","settings":{"page":[],"editorPreferences":[]},"kit":{"active_breakpoints":["viewport_mobile","viewport_tablet","viewport_tablet_extra"],"global_image_lightbox":"yes","lightbox_enable_counter":"yes","lightbox_enable_fullscreen":"yes","lightbox_enable_zoom":"yes","lightbox_enable_share":"yes","lightbox_title_src":"title","lightbox_description_src":"description"},"post":{"id":103268,"title":"20%20years%20after%20the%20L.A.%20Riots%3A%20Where%20are%20we%20now%3F","excerpt":"On April 29, 1992, the acquittal of four white Los Angeles police officers involved in the beating of Rodney King, an African-American man, triggered riots in Los Angeles that resulted in more than 50 dead, thousands injured and some $1 billion in property damage. ","featuredImage":false}}; </script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=3.21.0" id="elementor-frontend-js"></script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/bdthemes-element-pack/assets/js/modules/ep-search.min.js?ver=6.15.2" id="ep-search-js"></script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/lib/smartmenus/jquery.smartmenus.min.js?ver=1.2.1" id="smartmenus-js"></script> <script defer='defer' src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/js/jquery.json.min.js?ver=2.8.7" id="gform_json-js"></script> <script id="gform_gravityforms-js-extra"> var gform_i18n = {"datepicker":{"days":{"monday":"Mo","tuesday":"Tu","wednesday":"We","thursday":"Th","friday":"Fr","saturday":"Sa","sunday":"Su"},"months":{"january":"January","february":"February","march":"March","april":"April","may":"May","june":"June","july":"July","august":"August","september":"September","october":"October","november":"November","december":"December"},"firstDay":1,"iconText":"Select date"}}; var gf_legacy_multi = []; var gform_gravityforms = {"strings":{"invalid_file_extension":"This type of file is not allowed. Must be one of the following:","delete_file":"Delete this file","in_progress":"in progress","file_exceeds_limit":"File exceeds size limit","illegal_extension":"This type of file is not allowed.","max_reached":"Maximum number of files reached","unknown_error":"There was a problem while saving the file on the server","currently_uploading":"Please wait for the uploading to complete","cancel":"Cancel","cancel_upload":"Cancel this upload","cancelled":"Cancelled"},"vars":{"images_url":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images"}}; var gf_global = {"gf_currency_config":{"name":"U.S. Dollar","symbol_left":"$","symbol_right":"","symbol_padding":"","thousand_separator":",","decimal_separator":".","decimals":2,"code":"USD"},"base_url":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms","number_formats":[],"spinnerUrl":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg","version_hash":"b5711a60d0206287d99de730af1925f2","strings":{"newRowAdded":"New row added.","rowRemoved":"Row removed","formSaved":"The form has been saved. The content contains the link to return and complete the form."}}; var gf_global = {"gf_currency_config":{"name":"U.S. Dollar","symbol_left":"$","symbol_right":"","symbol_padding":"","thousand_separator":",","decimal_separator":".","decimals":2,"code":"USD"},"base_url":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms","number_formats":[],"spinnerUrl":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg","version_hash":"b5711a60d0206287d99de730af1925f2","strings":{"newRowAdded":"New row added.","rowRemoved":"Row removed","formSaved":"The form has been saved. The content contains the link to return and complete the form."}}; var gf_global = {"gf_currency_config":{"name":"U.S. Dollar","symbol_left":"$","symbol_right":"","symbol_padding":"","thousand_separator":",","decimal_separator":".","decimals":2,"code":"USD"},"base_url":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms","number_formats":[],"spinnerUrl":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg","version_hash":"b5711a60d0206287d99de730af1925f2","strings":{"newRowAdded":"New row added.","rowRemoved":"Row removed","formSaved":"The form has been saved. The content contains the link to return and complete the form."}}; </script> <script id="gform_gravityforms-js-before"> </script> <script defer='defer' src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/js/gravityforms.min.js?ver=2.8.7" id="gform_gravityforms-js"></script> <script defer='defer' src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/js/placeholders.jquery.min.js?ver=2.8.7" id="gform_placeholder-js"></script> <script defer='defer' src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/utils.min.js?ver=50c7bea9c2320e16728e44ae9fde5f26" id="gform_gravityforms_utils-js"></script> <script defer='defer' src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/vendor-theme.min.js?ver=54e7080aa7a02c83aa61fae430b9d869" id="gform_gravityforms_theme_vendors-js"></script> <script id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js-extra"> var gform_theme_config = {"common":{"form":{"honeypot":{"version_hash":"b5711a60d0206287d99de730af1925f2"}}},"hmr_dev":"","public_path":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/assets\/js\/dist\/"}; </script> <script defer='defer' src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/scripts-theme.min.js?ver=bab19fd84843dabc070e73326d787910" id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js"></script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=5.0.0" id="imagesloaded-js"></script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/bdthemes-element-pack/assets/js/common/helper.min.js?ver=6.15.2" id="element-pack-helper-js"></script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/webpack-pro.runtime.min.js?ver=3.20.2" id="elementor-pro-webpack-runtime-js"></script> <script id="elementor-pro-frontend-js-before"> var ElementorProFrontendConfig = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"08a6891f20","urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/","rest":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-json\/"},"shareButtonsNetworks":{"facebook":{"title":"Facebook","has_counter":true},"twitter":{"title":"Twitter"},"linkedin":{"title":"LinkedIn","has_counter":true},"pinterest":{"title":"Pinterest","has_counter":true},"reddit":{"title":"Reddit","has_counter":true},"vk":{"title":"VK","has_counter":true},"odnoklassniki":{"title":"OK","has_counter":true},"tumblr":{"title":"Tumblr"},"digg":{"title":"Digg"},"skype":{"title":"Skype"},"stumbleupon":{"title":"StumbleUpon","has_counter":true},"mix":{"title":"Mix"},"telegram":{"title":"Telegram"},"pocket":{"title":"Pocket","has_counter":true},"xing":{"title":"XING","has_counter":true},"whatsapp":{"title":"WhatsApp"},"email":{"title":"Email"},"print":{"title":"Print"},"x-twitter":{"title":"X"},"threads":{"title":"Threads"}}, "facebook_sdk":{"lang":"en_US","app_id":""},"lottie":{"defaultAnimationUrl":"https:\/\/jewishjournal.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/modules\/lottie\/assets\/animations\/default.json"}}; </script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=3.20.2" id="elementor-pro-frontend-js"></script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/elements-handlers.min.js?ver=3.20.2" id="pro-elements-handlers-js"></script> <script src="https://jewishjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/lib/sticky/jquery.sticky.min.js?ver=3.20.2" id="e-sticky-js"></script> <script> /(trident|msie)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&document.getElementById&&window.addEventListener&&window.addEventListener("hashchange",function(){var t,e=location.hash.substring(1);/^[A-z0-9_-]+$/.test(e)&&(t=document.getElementById(e))&&(/^(?:a|select|input|button|textarea)$/i.test(t.tagName)||(t.tabIndex=-1),t.focus())},!1); </script> <script>!function(){window.advanced_ads_ready_queue=window.advanced_ads_ready_queue||[],advanced_ads_ready_queue.push=window.advanced_ads_ready;for(var d=0,a=advanced_ads_ready_queue.length;d<a;d++)advanced_ads_ready(advanced_ads_ready_queue[d])}();</script><script> gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() { jQuery(document).on('gform_post_render', function(event, formId, currentPage){if(formId == 9) {if(typeof Placeholders != 'undefined'){ Placeholders.enable(); }} } );jQuery(document).on('gform_post_conditional_logic', function(event, formId, fields, isInit){} ) } ); </script> <script> gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {jQuery(document).trigger("gform_pre_post_render", [{ formId: "9", currentPage: "1", abort: function() { this.preventDefault(); } }]); if (event.defaultPrevented) { return; } const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_wrapper_9" ); if ( gformWrapperDiv ) { const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( "span" ); visibilitySpan.id = "gform_visibility_test_9"; gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( "afterend", visibilitySpan ); } const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( "gform_visibility_test_9" ); let postRenderFired = false; function triggerPostRender() { if ( postRenderFired ) { return; } postRenderFired = true; jQuery( document ).trigger( 'gform_post_render', [9, 1] ); gform.utils.trigger( { event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 9, currentPage: 1 } } ); if ( visibilityTestDiv ) { visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv ); } } function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) { var timeout; return function() { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function() { timeout = null; if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args ); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout( timeout ); timeout = setTimeout( later, wait ); if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args ); }; } const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() { triggerPostRender(); }, 200 ); if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) { const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => { mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => { if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) { debouncedTriggerPostRender(); observer.disconnect(); } }); }); observer.observe( document.body, { attributes: true, childList: false, subtree: true, attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ], }); } else { triggerPostRender(); } } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ jQuery(document).ready(function($) { $('a').each(function() { var a = new RegExp('/' + window.location.host + '/'); if(!a.test(this.href)) { $(this).click(function(event) { event.preventDefault(); event.stopPropagation(); window.open(this.href, '_blank'); }); } }); }); //]]> </script> </body> </html>